Reinforcing effects of seaweed nanoparticles in agar-based biopolymer composite: Physical, water vapor barrier, mechanical, and biodegradable properties

In recent times, the indiscriminate disposal of post-consumer plastic packaging material has received global attention. There is a need to develop an alternative from bio-based polymers reduce waste pollution. This work studied effects loading seaweed nanoparticles into agar matrix by analyzing physical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and biodegradation properties, as well surface morphological properties biopolymer composite. The results showed that addition in improved agar-based composite, except for barrier composite film loaded with 6 w/w% appeared achieve highest mechanical strength. addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis verified 6% homogenous morphology had strong adhesion on interfaces filler matrix. samples desirable density 0.0131 cm-1g-1 biodegradability when 8 was used. study are compatible terms enhancement properties.